Remote sensing digital models for supporting landscape and urban planning

Remote sensing digital models for supporting landscape and urban planning. The case study of the Big Prespa Lake area and the municipality of Pustec (Albania)

Abstract
The imminent potential accession of Albania to the European Union marks a pivotal moment for the country and its smaller municipalities, such as Pustec, located near the Great Prespa Lake. Serving as a crossroads and border among Albania, Greece, and North Macedonia, the region is moving toward integration into the European community, heralding a new era for the Albanian territory. However, the strategic development of these predominantly rural areas faces the challenge of scarce digitized data on local architectural and building heritage, resulting in a limited understanding of current urban fabric of the municipalities. The present paper explores how 3D technologies can serve as catalysts for multi-scale architectural design. It particularly examines the potential of three-dimensional models derived from Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and aerial photogrammetry through a comparative analysis, highlighting the advantages of an integrated approach for territorial comprehension and planning. Unlike traditional planning methods that rely on outdated or static cartography, the integration of digital 3D models enables dynamic, current, and spatially accurate representations that can better inform both preliminary and detailed planning stages. GIS 3D models, despite limitations due to missing building data in areas like Pustec, allow for landscape- scale digital representations that facilitate visualization and understanding of the broader transnational Prespa Lake area. In contrast, aerial photogrammetry is more effective at the urban scale, offering precise mapping of architectural and building heritage across the region’s municipalities. The combined use of these technologies represents a powerful tool for constructing a foundational knowledge base to support strategic development at both landscape and urban levels, particularly in cross-border contexts. This approach underscores the importance of a comprehensive vision that addresses common territorial challenges while preserving historical and cultural heritage.