ETHICAL ISSUES IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

ETHICAL ISSUES IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

Author
Blerta MJEDA, POLIS University (Tirana, Albania)
Elsa TOSKA, POLIS University (Tirana, Albania)

Abstract
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is no longer just a futuristic concept—it has already become part of our daily lives. From personalised recommendations on streaming platforms to tools used in hospitals or banks, AI systems are changing how we work, learn, and even make decisions. While its capabilities to simulate human thinking—like learning from data or recognising patterns—are impressive, they also raise complex questions. As this technology develops at an extraordinary pace, we are beginning to face serious ethical and social dilemmas. How is our personal data being used? Can AI systems be truly fair, or are they reinforcing hidden biases? Moreover, what happens to traditional jobs when machines begin to outperform humans in certain tasks?
This paper examines the positive and negative effects of AI on society. It explores how we can benefit from these innovations while also addressing the risks they pose. Most importantly, it argues for the urgent need to create strong ethical and legal guidelines—developed through global cooperation— so that the use of AI remains fair, transparent, and in line with human values. However, due to the complexity of AI systems, few people fully grasp how they function. Legal practitioners need to understand the basics of AI systems to address the legal challenges that can arise from their use. This paper will guide us through the fundamental concepts of AI from a non-technical perspective, helping you understand how such systems are created and their practical applications in our daily lives. Developments related to AI are widely mediatised. They promise to deliver “better than human” performance across a wide range of tasks, along with new tools to simplify our lives. However, what lies behind such systems, how do they work, and how are we protected from any harm that can be caused by them or the decisions that they influence?